Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used for (a) animal husbandry.

(c) Stem cell research is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning.

The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is (d) diabetes.

Government of India has encouraged the (a) aquaculture (Neel Kranti Mission-2016) for improving the productivity by launching NKM-16.

Corrected Statement: Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in genetic technique (genetic engineering), whereas non-genetic biotechnology involves the use of whole cells, tissues, or microbial cultures (such as tissue culture and hybrid seed production) without altering genes.

Corrected Statement: Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt gene) is introduced into cotton (to produce Bt cotton) and brinjal (Bt brinjal) to impart resistance against the bollworm pest.

1. Crop Biotechnology: Production of high-yielding hybrid seeds, genetically modified pest-resistant crops (Bt Cotton, Bt Brinjal), Golden Rice enriched with Vitamin A, and herbicide-tolerant crops.
2. Animal Husbandry: Improving breeds of dairy cattle and poultry through artificial insemination and embryo transfer.
3. Human Health & Medicine: Recombinant DNA manufacturing of human insulin, vaccines (Hepatitis B, polio), erythropoietin for anemia, and gene therapy for genetic disorders.
4. Forensic Science: DNA fingerprinting for criminal identification and resolving disputed parentage.
5. Environmental Cleanup: Using bioremediating microbes for sewage treatment, oil spill degradation, and solid waste composting.

1. India possesses a rich heritage of traditional Ayurvedic medicine based on native medicinal herbs.
2. Important medicinal plants like Tulsi (anti-cold, antimicrobial), Adulsa (cough remedy), Ashwagandha (stress-reliever), Neem (antiseptic), and Jyeshthmadh (throat soothe) provide natural cures without synthetic side-effects.
3. Commercial cultivation of medicinal plants under herbal horticulture provides high economic returns to farmers and supplies raw materials to pharmaceutical industries worldwide.

• Fermented Dairy Products: Yoghurt, cheese, paneer, and buttermilk.
• Bakery & Food Items: Spongy bread, idli, dosa, and soya sauce.
• Health & Medicine: Antibiotics (penicillin), vaccines, and human insulin injections used by diabetic relatives.
• Household & Agriculture: Enzyme-enriched laundry detergents, organic biopesticides, and hybrid seed fruits.

1. Wear protective clothing: full-sleeve overalls, rubber gloves, goggles, and face mask covering mouth and nose.
2. Never spray pesticides against the wind direction to avoid inhaling chemical mist.
3. Keep children, domestic livestock, and drinking water sources far away from the spraying area.
4. Wash hands, face, and spray equipment thoroughly with clean water and soap immediately after spraying.

1. Vital organs such as the heart, brain, kidneys, liver, lungs, and pancreas are irreplaceable for human survival.
2. Failure of any single vital organ (e.g., complete kidney failure or heart failure) leads directly to life-threatening complications.
3. Through modern biotechnology and surgical advancements, organs from brain-dead donors can be transplanted to save the lives of terminally ill patients, making voluntary organ donation an invaluable gift of life.

1. Fresh seasonal fruits are highly perishable and spoil within a few days due to microbial decay.
2. Processing fruits into jams, jellies, juices, squashes, pulps, and dried chips extends their shelf life throughout the year.
3. It avoids post-harvest crop spoilage for horticulturists, provides employment in rural agro-processing industries, and brings valuable foreign exchange through exports.

1. Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine (antigenic material) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity against specific pathogenic diseases.
2. Modern biotechnology produces safe, genetically engineered recombinant vaccines by synthesizing only the specific pathogen protein without using live or dangerous microbes.
3. Vaccination creates immune memory cells (antibodies), protecting individuals and wiping out global epidemics (e.g., polio, smallpox).

Insulin : Diabetes : : Interleukin : Cancer

Interferon : Viral infection : : Erythropoietin : Anaemia

Somatostatin : Dwarfness : : Factor VIII : Haemophilia

White revolution : Dairy : : Blue revolution : Fisheries / Aquaculture