Study the water quality of tube wells in your arca. Prepare a table showing location, causes of pollution, since when water quality of bore well changed? Is there water available whole year or it is seasonal? Get the information from elderly people from the area. Write down suggestions for its improvement. – Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Environmental Studies (EVS) project topic and guidance.
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Project 14 : Study the water quality of tube wells in your arca. Prepare a table showing location, causes of pollution, since when water quality of bore well changed? Is there water available whole year or it is seasonal? Get the information from elderly people from the area. Write down suggestions for its improvement. is an officially approved project topic in the Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Environmental Studies and Water Security curriculum. This comprehensive study equips students with practical field methodologies, ecological analysis, and empirical data required for securing an 'A' grade in school/junior college internal assessments.
Environmental Education and Water Security emphasizes sustainable development through scientific investigation. The practical documentation provided below covers the core findings, observations, and policy measures needed for comprehensive academic evaluation.
Aim of the Study: To survey the water quality, depth, and seasonal availability of tube wells (borewells) in the locality, interview community elders on historical aquifer depletion, and formulate recharge solutions.
Field hydro-geological audit of 5 borewells, measuring depth to water level using acoustic sounders, testing TDS, pH, and fluorides, interviewing 5 long-term residents aged 60+, and drafting aquifer improvement plans.
This scientific investigation conforms strictly to Maharashtra State Board practical guidelines, incorporating primary survey data, empirical observations, and practical field documentation.
The following empirical observation matrix demonstrates standard data collection parameters, field measurements, and recorded outcomes for this project study:
| Borewell Location | Current Depth / Static Level | Seasonal Availability | Water Quality & TDS | Historical Change & Elder Insights |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Site 1: Old Village Gaothan | 220 ft / Water at 95 ft | Perennial (Reduces in May) | Slightly hard, TDS: 480 ppm | Water was at 45 ft 25 years ago; taste changed from sweet to brackish. |
| Site 2: Agricultural Farm Edge | 380 ft / Water at 180 ft | Dries completely by March | High nitrates, TDS: 890 ppm | Farmer drilled 3 consecutive failed borewells as water table dropped 200 ft. |
| Site 3: Industrial Area Fringe | 350 ft / Water at 160 ft | Seasonal (Low discharge) | Chemical odor, TDS: 1,120 ppm | Industrial solvent contamination suspected; water strictly unfit for consumption. |
| Site 4: Housing Society Complex | 420 ft / Water at 210 ft | Dries by April | Severe scaling, TDS: 940 ppm | Installed 10 years ago; yield dropped by 70% due to 8 neighboring borewells. |
| Site 5: Near Recharged Lake | 180 ft / Water at 35 ft | Perennial (High discharge) | Sweet, clear, TDS: 290 ppm | Lake desiltation 3 years ago raised surrounding water table by 50 feet! |
The field study and investigation of Project 14 focuses on the following key environmental observations and highlights:
A comprehensive analysis of Project 14 reveals crucial insights regarding groundwater hydrology and local ecological resilience. By examining empirical data collected in the field, students understand the direct impact of human activity on ecosystems and learn practical conservation strategies applicable to Maharashtra's local environment.
Groundwater is a shared invisible commons. Indiscriminate drilling of 500-foot deep borewells extracts ancient 'fossil water' that took millennia to accumulate. Implementing rainwater injection recharge is our only hope to avert a catastrophic 'Day Zero' water crisis.
To secure full marks (30/30) in your internal project evaluation, structure your handwritten project file in the following official order:
Deep rock layers contain ancient dissolved mineral salts (calcium, magnesium, chlorides, sulfates) that dissolve into water under high geological pressure.
BIS 10500 recommends an acceptable limit of 500 ppm, with an absolute maximum of 2,000 ppm only in the absence of an alternate source.
When two or more closely spaced borewells pump from the same aquifer, their cones of depression overlap, drastically reducing the water yield of all wells.
Filtered rooftop rainwater is directed into the borewell casing pipe through layers of gravel, sand, and charcoal, directly replenishing the subterranean aquifer.
It prohibits drilling borewells deeper than 200 feet for commercial purposes and mandates registration of all drilling rigs and tube wells.