Study the drinking water supply system in your arco. What is the source of drinking water, where water is purified and how it gets distributed in the locality. Study what happens to the waste water drainoge. – Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Environmental Studies (EVS) project topic and guidance.
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Project 21 : Study the drinking water supply system in your arco. What is the source of drinking water, where water is purified and how it gets distributed in the locality. Study what happens to the waste water drainoge. is an officially approved project topic in the Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Environmental Studies and Water Security curriculum. This comprehensive study equips students with practical field methodologies, ecological analysis, and empirical data required for securing an 'A' grade in school/junior college internal assessments.
Environmental Education and Water Security emphasizes sustainable development through scientific investigation. The practical documentation provided below covers the core findings, observations, and policy measures needed for comprehensive academic evaluation.
Aim of the Study: To trace the municipal drinking water supply chain from source reservoir to consumer tap, inspect the Water Treatment Plant (WTP), study distribution networks, and audit municipal wastewater drainage and sewage disposal.
Field visit to the municipal Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), interview with municipal water engineers, mapping pipeline routes, and testing tap water quality at consumer endpoints.
This scientific investigation conforms strictly to Maharashtra State Board practical guidelines, incorporating primary survey data, empirical observations, and practical field documentation.
The following empirical observation matrix demonstrates standard data collection parameters, field measurements, and recorded outcomes for this project study:
| Infrastructure Stage | Engineering Facility / Process | Operational Capacity & Status | Environmental & Public Health Observation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Raw Water Abstraction | Intake well at major irrigation dam | 45 MLD raw water abstracted | Seasonal turbidity surges during monsoon require increased alum dosing. |
| 2. Water Treatment (WTP) | Alum Coagulation + Rapid Sand Filtration + Chlorination | 50 MLD functional WTP | High treatment efficiency; residual chlorine strictly maintained at 0.5 mg/L. |
| 3. Distribution Network | Cast Iron / DI pipes to 8 Elevated Storage Reservoirs | Supplies 135 Liters per capita/day | 28% water lost as physical leakage; inter-mittent supply (2 hrs alternate days). |
| 4. Consumer Tap Quality | Endpoint household testing | Clear, TDS: 190 ppm, pH: 7.3 | Generally safe; occasional monsoon brown water reported due to old rusty pipelines. |
| 5. Sewage Treatment (STP) | Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) STP | Only 15 MLD treated out of 36 MLD generated! | Severe 21 MLD deficit; raw untreated sewage enters river, causing downstream pollution. |
The field study and investigation of Project 21 focuses on the following key environmental observations and highlights:
A comprehensive analysis of Project 21 reveals crucial insights regarding urban water infrastructure and local ecological resilience. By examining empirical data collected in the field, students understand the direct impact of human activity on ecosystems and learn practical conservation strategies applicable to Maharashtra's local environment.
Clean drinking water and sanitation are fundamental human rights. Mapping urban water supply from dam to tap reveals the critical need to fix pipeline leakage, eradicate intermittent supply, and treat 100% of municipal sewage before it poisons our rivers.
To secure full marks (30/30) in your internal project evaluation, structure your handwritten project file in the following official order:
Alum acts as a chemical coagulant that neutralizes the negative electrical charges of suspended clay particles, clumping them into heavy flocs that settle by gravity.
To ensure that any bacteria or viruses entering the pipeline network through small leaks or during distribution are killed before water reaches the tap.
Water that has been treated and pumped into the distribution system but is lost before it reaches the consumer due to pipeline bursts, leaks, or unauthorized connections.
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) recommends 135 liters per capita per day (LPCD) for urban households with full flushing systems.
When water pressure drops, a vacuum (negative pressure) is created inside the water pipes that sucks in contaminated sewage water through joints, causing cholera and hepatitis outbreaks.