Survey the biodiversity of your school/college campus. Prepare a eco audit report. – Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Environmental Studies (EVS) project topic and guidance.
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Project 25 : Survey the biodiversity of your school/college campus. Prepare a eco audit report. is an officially approved project topic in the Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Environmental Studies and Water Security curriculum. This comprehensive study equips students with practical field methodologies, ecological analysis, and empirical data required for securing an 'A' grade in school/junior college internal assessments.
Environmental Education and Water Security emphasizes sustainable development through scientific investigation. The practical documentation provided below covers the core findings, observations, and policy measures needed for comprehensive academic evaluation.
Aim of the Study: To execute a comprehensive biodiversity audit of the junior college campus, compile a detailed species inventory of flora and fauna, map ecological micro-habitats, and formulate a biodiversity enhancement master plan.
Total enumeration census of all trees with GBH > 10 cm, standardized visual encounter surveys (VES) for birds and butterflies during early mornings (7 AM - 9 AM) over 14 days, and compiling the college Biodiversity Register.
This scientific investigation conforms strictly to Maharashtra State Board practical guidelines, incorporating primary survey data, empirical observations, and practical field documentation.
The following empirical observation matrix demonstrates standard data collection parameters, field measurements, and recorded outcomes for this project study:
| Taxonomic Group Audited | Total Species Count | Dominant Species Recorded | Primary Ecological Role in Campus | Conservation Status / Threat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trees & Woody Flora | 22 Species (124 trees) | Neem, Peepal, Rain Tree, Gulmohar, Jamun | Carbon storage, shade, nesting canopy, cooling microclimate. | Threatened by concrete paving around trunks; requires root soil aeration. |
| Birds (Avian Fauna) | 24 Species | Tailorbird, Purple Sunbird, Asian Koel, Bulbul | Seed dispersal, insect pest control, pollination. | Lack of nesting hollows; proposed installation of wooden nest boxes. |
| Butterflies (Lepidoptera) | 16 Species | Lime Butterfly, Common Mormon, Plain Tiger | Crucial pollinators of flowering shrubs and herbs. | Weedicides in sports ground destroy wild larval food plants (Tridax/Calotropis). |
| Reptiles & Amphibians | 4 Species | Garden Lizard (Calotes), Common Indian Toad | Insectivore predators controlling mosquitoes and beetles. | Vulnerable to student harassment; needs educational signage. |
| Arachnids & Insects | 32 Species | Signature Spider, Honeybee, Carpenter Bee, Dragonflies | Decomposers, pollinators, and natural biological pest predators. | Chemical insecticide spraying on lawns destroys beneficial insect food base. |
The field study and investigation of Project 25 focuses on the following key environmental observations and highlights:
A comprehensive analysis of Project 25 reveals crucial insights regarding campus biodiversity and local ecological resilience. By examining empirical data collected in the field, students understand the direct impact of human activity on ecosystems and learn practical conservation strategies applicable to Maharashtra's local environment.
An educational campus should be an oasis of biodiversity, not a sterile concrete desert. Documenting campus flora and fauna fosters deep biophilic love among students, turning ordinary school grounds into thriving sanctuaries for birds, butterflies, and native trees.
To secure full marks (30/30) in your internal project evaluation, structure your handwritten project file in the following official order:
A systematic scientific survey that records all living plant and animal species on campus to assess ecological health and guide sustainable campus management.
A larval host plant is the specific plant upon which butterflies lay eggs and caterpillars feed; a nectar plant provides sugary flower nectar for adult flying butterflies.
Concrete blocks rainwater from soaking into soil, suffocates tree roots, kills underground earthworms and soil microbes, and intensifies radiant summer heat.
A mathematical formula in ecology that measures both species richness (number of species) and evenness (abundance distribution) in a community.
By planting native berry-yielding shrubs, hanging earthen water birdbaths, installing artificial nest boxes, and maintaining quiet, unpruned shrub thickets.